Suchergebnisse

In recent years, a lot of wars and conflicts have occurred around the world for different reasons such as political, economic, ethnic, etc. These wars and conflicts have resulted in a significant increase in the number of refugees around the world. According to UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) today, there are approximately 62 million people in the world who had to leave their homes and countries due to wars and move to places that they believe would be safer. Out of this number 21.3 million are refugees. Most of these refugees live in refugee camps set in various countries all around the world. Some of these camps are like small cities with up to 250000 population. However, many of these camps and provided shelters have a range of serious problems, and provide refugees with very poor living conditions. Considering the fact that most of these refugees live in these camps for over five years, and some for over a generation, it becomes essential to think about the design of these camps in a different way than other disaster ones that the duration of stay is generally shorter. Besides, what should be considered is the fact that these people have had the traumatic experience of a war, and are far from their motherlands, trying to start a new life in a foreign place. That's why providing refugees with proper shelters can increase the sense of belonging and meet the need for a "home" to some extent. Another critical but less discussed issue in this condition is the overall organization of refugee camps, and possible social and psychological effects of these organizations on refugees. In this respect, the aim of this study will be to argue about the quality of life in refugee camps with an emphasis on the organization of shelters in camps to provide a safe iii environment which increases the quality of human interactions, hence the well-being of the refugees. As the case study of this research some refugee camps in Turkey are chosen, to study the quality of shelters, exterior spaces and overall organization of the camps. As the result of this study some suggestions are developed for enhancing the quality of public spaces in these kinds of camps. Keyword: Shelter, Refugee Camps, Spatial Organization, Quality of Social Spaces. ; ÖZ: Son zamanlarda dünya çapında siyasi, ekonomik, etnik, vb. nedenlerle birçok savaş ve çatışma yaşanmaktadır. Bu çatışmalar ve savaşlar, dünyada mülteci sayısında büyük bir artış yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Birleşik Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komisyonu'na (UNCHR) göre, günümüzde tüm dünyada evlerini ve ülkelerini terk ederek daha güvenli olduğunu inandıkları yerlere giden yaklaşık 62 milyon kişi yaşamaktadır. Bu sayının 21,3 milyonunu mülteciler oluşturmaktadır. Bu mültecilerin çoğu dünyanın farklı yerlerinde kurulan mülteci kamplarında yaşamaktadırlar. Bu kampların bazıları 250,000'e ulaşabilen nüfusları ile küçük birer şehir gibidirler. Ancak, bu kampların ve sunulan barınakların genellikle çok ciddi sorunları vardır ve mültecilere çok düşük standartlarda bir yaşam sunarlar. Bu mültecilerin çoğu bu kamplarda beş yıldan fazla, hatta bazen bir nesilden fazla yaşarlar. Bu nedenle de bu kampların tasarımının, diğer daha kısa süreli kalmaya uygun olan ve afetlerde kurulan kamplardan farklı olarak düşünülmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, bu insanların travma dolu bir savaş deneyimi yaşadıkları ve vatanlarından uzakta, yabancı bir yerde bir yaşam kurmaya çalıştıkları gerçeği de göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Mültecilere uygun barınaklar sunmak, onların bir yere ait olma ve bir "eve" sahip olma gereksinimin belli ölçüde giderilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu durumda, bir diğer kritik ama daha az tartışılmış konu da mülteci kamplarının genel organizasyonu ve bu düzenin mültecilerde bırakabileceği sosyal ve psikolojik etkilerdir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın amacı, insanlar arasındaki etkileşimi arttırmak ve dolayısıyla mültecilerin yaşam kalitesini arttıran ve onlara güvenli bir ortam sağlayan barınakların yerleşimine vurgu yaparak mülteci kamplarının yaşam kalitesini irdelemektir. Araştırmanın alan çalışması olarak Türkiye'deki bazı mülteci kampları seçilmiştir ve bu kamplardaki barınakların iç ve dış mekanlarının niteliği ve genel organizasyonu irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucu olarak bu kamplardaki yaşam kalitesini arttırmak için bazı öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Barınak, Mülteci Kampları, Mekansal Organizasyon, Sosyal Mekanların Kalitesi ; Master of Science in Architecture. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Architecture, Dept. of Architecture, 2017. Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Guita Farivarsadri.

Threats to both creativity and freedom of expression are on the rise globally, with Africa as no exception. As a result, artists, journalists and human rights defenders are seeking out shelter or safer locations in order to escape harm. However, the support systems currently in place predominantly relocate at-risk African artists to Europe and North America, which poses an additional set of social, cultural and economic challenges. This report thus attempts to understand the experiences of artists from African countries and investigates the successes and challenges of developing temporary shelter and relocation initiatives based on the continent. It is accompanied by a concise summary document.

A vibrant and functioning civil society needs spaces to express itself in a variety of ways and opportunities to unfold. However, shrinking civic spaces are more and more to be traced. Many groups such as human rights activists and artists are affected and the declining of pre-political spaces takes many forms. To assist these activists an increasing amount of protection programmes have been developed in recent years.
This study examines protection programmes from different angles in order to formulate the challenges of these initiatives and to seek solutions for an increasing effectiveness in future programmes.

A vibrant and functioning civil society needs spaces to express itself in a variety of ways and opportunities to unfold. However, shrinking civic spaces are more and more to be traced. Many groups such as human rights activists and artists are affected and the declining of pre-political spaces takes many forms. To assist these activists an increasing amount of protection programmes have been developed in recent years.
This study examines protection programmes from different angles in order to formulate the challenges of these initiatives and to seek solutions for an increasing effectiveness in future programmes.

This research considers the waiting and confinement experienced by young asylum seekers during and after their stay at a temporary shelter in Finland. The data for this research consists of interviews and ethnographic 'hanging out' with nine young asylum seekers throughout their asylum process. In order to generate new knowledge about the situated and fluid experiences of young adult asylum seekers' confinement, this article focuses on four in-depth interviews with two young men, Kokab and Mahammed. They arrived in Finland in 2015, and are, at the time of writing this article, still waiting for their final asylum decisions. The results show, first, that while the time in the temporary shelter resembles physical, punitive confinement, it is also experienced as warm and social time. Second, the article argues that the confinement of young asylum seekers extends beyond the physical confinement, as they are for years confined in forced movement, indefinite waiting and othered as a number in the system.

Threats to both creativity and freedom of expression are on the rise globally, with Africa as no exception. As a result, artists, journalists and human rights defenders are seeking out shelter or safer locations in order to escape harm. However, the support systems currently in place predominantly relocate at-risk African artists to Europe and North America, which poses an additional set of social, cultural and economic challenges. This brief summarises key findings and recommendations of a report that investigates the successes and challenges of developing temporary shelter and relocation initiatives based in Africa.

Threats to both creativity and freedom of expression are on the rise globally, with Africa as no exception. As a result, artists, journalists and human rights defenders are seeking out shelter or safer locations in order to escape harm. However, the support systems cur­rently in place predominantly relocate at­-risk African artists to Europe and North America, which poses an additional set of social, cultural and economic challenges. This brief summarises key findings and recom­mendations of a report that investigates the successes and challenges of devel­oping temporary shelter and relocation initiatives based in Africa.

Indonesia is an inseparable state of the earthquake. As a result of the earthquake, many victims lost their homes. The victims had to stay in isolation for a long time. From that, the victim needs assistance in the form of shelter, but the housing can't be built easily. Then a temporary building is needed a transition phase to house assistance is still being developed. The government is currently unable to provide maximum temporary shelter. The purpose of this study is to find the right model for temporary shelter assistance in post-disaster situations used in refugee locations in Indonesia and abroad. The research method uses a literature review by comparing the temporary shelter model and the study model as a comparison of occupancy dimensions. Temporary shelter is the residence required during post-disaster and can be produced in fabrication. Fabrication for temporary housing is related to connection, material, packaging, demolition, and distribution system. It aims to maximize on-site assistance, facilitating the installation and distribution of temporary shelter.

Temporary structures are being extensively used by emergency services (rescue, disaster relief, military response units), and other end-users requiring temporary mobile off-grid energy solutions for different purposes (event organization, vacation homes, summer camps, etc.). Yet energy systems for these purposes largely remain fossil-based (such as diesel generators). Although such energy systems are inexpensive, they are carbon intensive and inefficient. This study presents a methodology of simulating temporary shelter with access to an energy supply system through a mobile energy unit with renewable (PV) power supply systems to ensure on-site electricity production, as well as heating/cooling and ventilation. Digital modeling simulations have been performed for a simulated temporary shelter in different climate conditions incorporating different combinations of electricity generation systems with a fossil fuel-based solution and a PV system, using TRNSYS software. Study results show that the operation of a mobile energy generation unit can operate HVAC systems and generate electricity for temporary shelter occupants in off-grid solutions. The modeling results show that the use of a mobile energy generation unit can significantly reduce diesel consumption in temporary shelters from 54% annually (in Riga, Latvia) to 96 % annually (in Jerusalem, Israel). Furthermore, the output of PV-generated electricity is higher (in most cases) than the consumed electricity amount.

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2014 ; Full text release delayed at author's request until 2018.01.14 ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 91-96) ; Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English ; xii, 96 leaves ; In this thesis, the possibility of constructing reconfigurable deployable structure composed of planar linkage units has been explored. The first part of the thesis is devoted to literature survey on housing recovery. When the current researches on post disaster housing are investigated, it is observed that most of post disaster housing or temporary buildings in the literature are predefined portable, demountable or relocatable buildings. Deployable buildings serve for a single function. A study into the existence of alternative forms of a reconfigurable deployable structure has been done. The conditions for the alternative forms to be a multi-functional building have been derived. Reconfigurable deployable structure presented here is a single degrees-of-freedom (DoF) multi-loop linkage which has more than two configurations. The alternative forms that a linkage is constructed with the same links and connections are called configurations or assembly modes of the linkage. During its motion, the linkage may pass from one assembly mode to another, which is called reconfiguration or assembly mode change. Design and position analysis of the linkage mechanism have been implemented in Microsoft Excel® environment. The link lengths can be varied in this environment and the motion of the structure can be simulated by changing input joint parameters. Four different case studies have been designed in Microsoft Excel®. A reconfigurable deployable structure can be used as a multi-functional shelter or canopy which can take many forms in a few minutes for urgent needs after disasters, military purpose or public needs. Its deployed and retracted (or compact) geometries are explored. As a case study the dimensions of links are presented. Installation process for different functions is explained. The full concept for the structure, from outer covering material to foundation is then detailed. Finally, a sample material cost analysis is performed to determine if the product is financially feasible.

The major concern of this study is the assessment on the current reconstruction and rehabilitation of Marawi based on the perception of agencies representatives and especially the internally displaced persons after 5-month battle against the ISIS-inspired Maute Group. This study had 221 IDP key informants and employed cross-sectional survey as research design and simple random sampling through house-to-house basis of interview using a self-structured questionnaire as a tool for data gathering. The results revealed that respondents have positively perceived that government is doing its best effort and has given much attention to complete the rehabilitation. Thus, rehabilitation program has specific direction. Also, respondents perceived that corruption of funds can greatly affect the implementation of the program while insufficient numbers of personnel and lack of advanced technologies can slow down the rehabilitation and reconstruction process. It was also revealed that respondents feel the sense of security and safety in the provided shelters and families of 6 members are fit enough to it. Thus, respondents demonstrate satisfaction on the effectiveness of shelters as well as its location. Lastly, respondents have faced problems in the temporary shelters such as lack of health facilities and health personnel and no livelihood program being provided for them. On a final note, the rehabilitation and reconstruction process of the government is behind on track and people are gradually losing trust as a result of overdue delay. Recommendation of this study stressed out to religiously employ the participatory approach and efficiently implement the blueprinted plan for Marawi to effectively expedite the rehabilitation, thus trust and confidence of people towards government will not be disregarded.